Primary hepatic carcinoma with paraneoplastic syndrome: research progresses on clinical types and their basic mechanisms
10.3760/cma.j.cn113884-20210817-00271
- VernacularTitle:原发性肝癌伴癌综合征的临床类型及相关机制的研究进展
- Author:
Jingfei ZHAO
1
;
Xiaoqian SHI
;
Xiaoya HOU
;
Yuankuan LI
;
Guohua ZHAN
;
Bangde XIANG
Author Information
1. 广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院肝胆外科 广西医科大学肿瘤医学院，南宁 530021
- Keywords:
Liver neoplasms;
Paraneoplastic syndrome;
Clinical types;
Mechanisms
- From:
Chinese Journal of Hepatobiliary Surgery
2022;28(1):71-76
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
The onset of primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) is usually occult, and early symptoms are not obvious. Most patients are at advanced stages of disease at diagnosis, and the prognosis is poor. Paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS) refers to the clinical manifestations indirectly caused by tumor metabolites or abnormal immune reactions that cannot be explained by the primary lesion, local tumor spread or distant metastasis. Hypercholesterolemia, hypercalcemia and hypoglycemia are the most commonly seen clinical presentations of PNS in PHC patients. Adequate understanding of PNS is of great importance in early diagnosis and treatment of PHC. In this review, we summarized the clinical manifestations and prognostic mechanisms of PNS in patients with PHC.
