Three-dimensional changes in lip vermilion morphology of adult female patients after extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatment
10.4041/kjod.2019.49.4.222
- Author:
Zhi Yu LIU
1
;
Jie YU
;
Fan Fan DAI
;
Ruo Ping JIANG
;
Tian Min XU
Author Information
1. Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China. jiangruoping@126.com
- Publication Type:Original Article
- From:The Korean Journal of Orthodontics
2019;49(4):222-234
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the three-dimensional lip vermilion changes after extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatment in female adult patients and explore the correlation between lip vermilion changes and incisor changes.
METHODS:Forty-seven young female adult patients were enrolled in this study (skeletal Class III patients were excluded), including 34 lip-protruding patients treated by extraction of four first premolars (18 patients requiring mini-implants for maximum anchorage control and 16 patients without mini-implants) and 13 patients requiring non-extraction treatment. Nine angles, seven distances, and the surface area of the lip vermilion were measured by using pre- and post-treatment three-dimensional facial scans. Linear and angular measurements of incisors were performed on lateral cephalograms.
RESULTS:There were no significant changes in the vermilion measurements in the non-extraction group. The vermilion angle, vermilion height, central bow angle, height/width ratio, and vermilion surface area decreased significantly after the orthodontic treatment in the extraction groups, but the upper/lower vermilion proportion remained unchanged. Significant correlations were found between the changes in incisor position and those in vermilion angles, vermilion height, and surface area.
CONCLUSIONS:Extraction of the four first premolars probably produced an aesthetic improvement in lip vermilion morphology. However, the upper/lower vermilion proportion remained unchanged. The variations in the vermilion were closely related to incisor changes, especially the upper incisor inclination changes.
