Influence Factors for Competitive Performance of Alpine Skiers in the View of Biomechanics
10.16156/j.1004-7220.2021.04.02
- VernacularTitle:生物力学视角下高山滑雪运动员竞技表现的影响因素
- Author:
Jinping WU
1
;
Liang ZHAO
1
;
Dong SUN
1
;
Yaodong GU
1
Author Information
1. Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
alpine skiing;
biomechanics;
competitive performance
- From:
Journal of Medical Biomechanics
2021;36(4):E502-E509
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Under the background of technological assistance to prepare for the Beijing Winter Olympics in China, the biomechanical research highlights and the latest achievements related to competitive performance of alpine skiers in recent years were systematically analyzed in this paper, so as to determine biomechanical factors affecting competitive performance of alpine skiers, including aerodynamic drag, frictional forces, ground reaction force (GRF), energy dissipation, turn radius, trajectory of the skis and/or center of mass (COM). In addition, biomechanical differences in turn techniques, multiple turns connections and abilities of individuals were also considered as important factors affecting the alpine skiing performance. In the case of slalom and giant slalom events, the earlier initiation of turns, longer path length and trajectory, earlier and smoother application of GRF, and carbene technique carving to reduce the ski-snow friction and thereby dissipate energy should be used to improve sports performance. During speed skiing, minimizing the exposed frontal area and positioning the arms close to the body can reduce the energy loss caused by aerodynamic drag, thereby improving sports performance. Top-level alpine skiers will always perform well on different courses, terrains and snow conditions during the race. Excellent alpine ski performance from a biomechanical perspective includes the efficient use of potential energy, minimizing ski-snow friction and aerodynamic drag, choosing optimal trajectory and maintaining high-speed skiing. Individual tactics and techniques should be valued in training and competition. For better results, the same performance on multiple sections and on different terrains is more important than excellence in individual sections and specific conditions.
