4-Hexylresorcinol induced angiogenesis potential in human endothelial cells
10.1186/s40902-020-00267-2
- Author:
Min-Keun KIM
1
;
Seong-Gon KIM
;
Suk Keun LEE
Author Information
1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, and Institute of Oral Science, 123 Chibyun-dong, Gangneung, 210-702, Republic of Korea
- Publication Type:Research
- From:Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
2020;42(1):23-
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Background:4-Hexylresorcinol (4HR) is able to increase angiogenesis. However, its molecular mechanism in the human endothelial cells has not been clarified.
Methods:As endothelial cells are important in angiogenesis, we treated the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with 4HR and investigated protein expressional changes by immunoprecipitation high-performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC) using 96 antisera.
Results:Here, we found that 4HR upregulated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/SMAD/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, RAF-B/ERK and p38 signaling, and M2 macrophage polarization pathways. 4HR also increased expression of caspases and subsequent cellular apoptosis. Mechanistically, 4HR increased TGF-β1 production and subsequent activation of SMADs/VEGFs, RAF-B/ERK and p38 signaling, and M2 macrophage polarization.
Conclusion:Collectively, 4HR activates TGF-β/SMAD/VEGF signaling in endothelial cells and induced vascular regeneration and remodeling for wound healing.
