Cigarette Smoking and Polymorphism of the Paraoxonase 1 Gene as Risk factors for Lung Cancer.
10.4046/trd.2005.58.5.490
- Author:
Chul Ho LEE
1
;
Kye Young LEE
;
Yun Chul HONG
;
Kang Hyeon CHOE
;
Yong Dae KIM
;
Jong Won KANG
;
Heon KIM
;
Jang Soo HONG
Author Information
1. Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Korea.
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords:
Lung cancer;
Paraoxonase 1;
Cigarette smoking;
TaqMan real-time PCR
- MeSH:
Adenocarcinoma;
Alcohol Drinking;
Aryldialkylphosphatase*;
Carcinoma, Small Cell;
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell;
Drinking;
Genotype;
Human Body;
Humans;
Lung Neoplasms*;
Lung*;
Male;
Mammals;
Odds Ratio;
Phosphodiesterase I;
Polymorphism, Genetic;
Surveys and Questionnaires;
Risk Factors*;
Smoke;
Smoking*;
Tobacco Products*
- From:Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
2005;58(5):490-497
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:Korean
-
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: The paraoxonase enzyme plays a significant role in the detoxification of various organophosphorous compounds in mammals, and paraoxonase (PON) 1 is one of the endogenous free-radical scavenging systems in the human body. In this study, we investigated the interaction between cigarette smoking and the genetic polymorphism of PON1 with lung cancer in Korean males. METHODS: Three hundred thirty five patients with lung cancer and an equal number of age-matched controls were enrolled in this study. Every subject was asked to complete a questionnaire concerning their smoking habits and alcohol drinking habits. A 5' exonuclease assay (TaqMan) was used to genotype the PON1 Q192R polymorphism. The effects of smoking habits and drinking habits, the PON1 Q192R polymorphism and their interactions were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Cigarette smoking and the Q/Q genotype of PON1 were significant risk factors for lung cancer. Individuals carrying the Q/Q genotype of PON1 were at a higher risk for lung cancer as compared with those individuals carrying the Q/R or R/R genotype (odds ratio, 2.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.69 - 4.79). When the groups were further stratified by the smoking status, the Q/Q PON1 was associated with lung cancer among the current or ex-smokers (odds ratio, 2.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.52 - 4.31). Current smokers or ex-smokers who had the Q/Q genotype showed an elevated risk for lung cancer (odds ratio: 15.50, 95% confidence interval: 6.76 - 35.54) as compared with the group of subjects who never smoked, and had the Q/R or R/R genotype. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of smokers with the PON1 Q/Q type compared to the nonsmokers with the PON1 Q/R or R/R type were 53.77 (6.55 - 441.14) for squamous cell carcinoma, 6.25 (1.38 - 28.32) for adenocarcinoma, and 59.94 (4.66 - 770.39) for small cell carcinoma, and these results were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that cigarette smoking and the PON1 Q/Q genotype are risk factors for lung cancer. The combination of cigarette smoking and the PON1 Q/Q genotype significantly increased the lung cancer risk irrespective of the histologic type of cancer.
