Anti-inflammatory effects of Nelumbo leaf extracts and identification of their metabolites.
10.4162/nrp.2017.11.4.265
- Author:
Eunkyo PARK
1
;
Gyoung Deuck KIM
;
Min Sun GO
;
Dodan KWON
;
In Kyung JUNG
;
Joong Hyuck AUH
;
Jung Hyun KIM
Author Information
1. Department of Home Economics Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea. jjhkim@cau.ac.kr
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords:
Nelumbo leaf;
inflammation;
metabolomics;
macrophage
- MeSH:
Catechin;
Cyclooxygenase 2;
Dinoprostone;
Ethanol;
Gastritis;
Halitosis;
Hemorrhage;
Hemorrhoids;
Inflammation;
Interleukin-6;
Interleukins;
Macrophages;
Medicine, Traditional;
Metabolomics;
Necrosis;
Nelumbo*;
Nitric Oxide;
Nitric Oxide Synthase;
Phosphorylation;
Quercetin;
Water
- From:Nutrition Research and Practice
2017;11(4):265-274
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Nelumbo leaves have been used in traditional medicine to treat bleeding, gastritis, hemorrhoids, and halitosis. However, their mechanisms have not been elucidated. MATERIALS/METHODS: The present study prepared two Nelumbo leaf extracts (NLEs) using water or 50% ethanol. Inflammatory response was induced with LPS treatment, and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 and nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) productions were assessed. To determine the anti-inflammatory mechanism of NLEs, we measured nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity. Major metabolites of NLEs were also analyzed and quantified. RESULTS: NLEs effectively reduced the expression and productions of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, PGE₂, and NO. NLEs also reduced NF-κB activity by inhibiting inhibitor of NF-κB phosphorylation. Both extracts contained catechin and quercetin, bioactive compounds of NLEs. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we showed that NLEs could be used to inhibit NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses. In addition, our data support the idea that NLEs can ameliorate disease conditions involving chronic inflammation.
