Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) regulation mechanisms and roles in antiviral innate immune responses.

Author: Yujuan CHEN ¹ ; Junhong LIN ¹ ; Yao ZHAO ¹ ; Xianping MA ¹ ; Huashan YI ²
Author Information

1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China.
2. College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China. dyxyihuashan@swu.edu.cn.
Publication Type:Journal Article
Keywords: Antiviral response; Innate immune; Toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)‍-domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-‍β (TRIF); Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)
From: Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B 2021;22(8):609-632
CountryChina
Language:English
Abstract: Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a member of the TLR family, mediating the transcriptional induction of type I interferons (IFNs), proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines, thereby collectively establishing an antiviral host response. Studies have shown that unlike other TLR family members, TLR3 is the only RNA sensor that is utterly dependent on the Toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)‍-domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-‍β (TRIF). However, the details of how the TLR3-TRIF signaling pathway works in an antiviral response and how it is regulated are unclear. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding the antiviral mechanism of the TRIF pathway and describe the essential characteristics of TLR3 and its antiviral effects. Advancing our understanding of TLR3 may contribute to disease diagnosis and could foster the development of novel treatments for viral diseases.