Calcium Intakes in Korean and American Populations.
- Author:
Areum YU
1
;
Yoon Jung YANG
;
Sarang JEONG
;
Jihye KIM
;
You Jin KIM
;
Oran KWON
;
Se Young OH
;
Junghyun KIM
Author Information
1. Deparment of Food & Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 136-714, Korea. yjyang@dongduk.ac.kr
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords:
calcium intake;
KNHANES;
NHANES;
contribution foods;
calcium supplement
- MeSH:
Adolescent;
Adult;
Bread;
Calcium;
Calcium, Dietary;
Ear;
Humans;
Milk;
Nutrition Surveys
- From:Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
2013;19(1):46-58
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:Korean
-
Abstract:
Calcium intake has been insufficient in all age groups in previous Korean national surveys. This study was conducted to investigate calcium intake in Korean and American populations at different ages. We analyzed two national survey data: the 2007~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the 2007~2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Statistically, survey procedures were applied using the weight, cluster, and strata variables. The mean calcium intake of Koreans at ages of 1~2 y, 3~5 y, 6~11 y, 12~18 y, 19~64 y, and 65+y was lower than American populations at those ages. The sufficient proportions based on Korean Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of 1~2 y, 3~5 y, 6~11 y, 12~18 y, 19~64 y, and 65+y in Koreans were 45.5%, 33.1%, 24.3%, 16.6%, 32.7%, and 19.0%. While the sufficient rates based on American EAR of 1~3 y, 4~8 y, 9~13 y, 14~18 y, 19~30 y, 31~50 y, 51~70 y, and 71+y in US population were 88.5%, 54.4%, 35.2%, 35.8%, 55.3%, 55.2%, 40.6%, and 24.5%. Overall, the major foods contributing to calcium intakes in Koreans were milk, baechukimchi, and anchovies, whereas, milk products, pasta, or bread were major contributions to calcium in American populations. The calcium supplement intakes in the American population were 5.5 mg (1~2 y), 15.5 mg (3~5 y), 13.9 mg (6~11 y), 35.7 mg (12~18 y), 150.3 mg (19~64 y) and 334.4 mg (> or =65 y). These results suggest that Korean adolescents and older adults are the most insufficient in dietary calcium intakes among Koreans. In order to accurately estimate calcium intakes in Korean populations, calcium supplements and calcium-fortified foods should be considered.
