Advances on immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
10.1007/s11684-019-0735-3
- Author:
Yong FAN
1
;
Yan GENG
1
;
Lin SHEN
2
;
Zhuoli ZHANG
3
Author Information
1. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
2. Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
3. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China. zhuoli.zhang@126.com.
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords:
cancer;
immune checkpoint inhibitors;
immune-related adverse events;
immunotherapy;
review
- MeSH:
Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects*;
Humans;
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors;
Immunotherapy/adverse effects*;
Neoplasms/drug therapy*
- From:
Frontiers of Medicine
2021;15(1):33-42
- CountryChina
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Immunotherapy has recently led to a paradigm shift in cancer therapy, in which immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the most successful agents approved for multiple advanced malignancies. However, given the nature of the non-specific activation of effector T cells, ICIs are remarkably associated with a substantial risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in almost all organs or systems. Up to 90% of patients who received ICIs combination therapy experienced irAEs, of which majority were low-grade toxicity. Cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors usually display distinct features of irAEs. In this review, the mechanisms of action of ICIs and how they may cause irAEs are described. Some unsolved challenges, however really engrossing issues, such as the association between irAEs and cancer treatment response, tumor response to irAEs therapy, and ICIs in challenging populations, are comprehensively summarized.
