Comparative Genome Analysis of Scutellaria baicalensis and Scutellaria barbata Reveals the Evolution of Active Flavonoid Biosynthesis.
10.1016/j.gpb.2020.06.002
- Author:
Zhichao XU
1
,
2
;
Ranran GAO
3
;
Xiangdong PU
3
;
Rong XU
1
,
2
;
Jiyong WANG
4
;
Sihao ZHENG
4
;
Yan ZENG
4
;
Jun CHEN
1
,
2
;
Chunnian HE
1
,
2
;
Jingyuan SONG
1
,
5
Author Information
1. Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
2. Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
3. Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
4. China National Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd, Beijing 102600, China.
5. Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China. Electronic address: jysong@implad.ac.cn.
- Publication Type:Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Keywords:
Flavonoid biosynthesis;
Scutellaria;
Species-specific evolution;
Tandem duplication;
Whole-genome duplication
- MeSH:
Evolution, Molecular;
Flavonoids/biosynthesis*;
Genome, Plant;
Plant Extracts/genetics*;
Scutellaria/metabolism*;
Whole Genome Sequencing
- From:
Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics
2020;18(3):230-240
- CountryChina
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) and Scutellaria barbata (S. barbata) are common medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family. Both produce specific flavonoid compounds, including baicalein, scutellarein, norwogonin, and wogonin, as well as their glycosides, which exhibit antioxidant and antitumor activities. Here, we report chromosome-level genome assemblies of S. baicalensis and S. barbata with quantitative chromosomal variation (2n = 18 and 2n = 26, respectively). The divergence of S. baicalensis and S. barbata occurred far earlier than previously reported, and a whole-genome duplication (WGD) event was identified. The insertion of long terminal repeat elements after speciation might be responsible for the observed chromosomal expansion and rearrangement. Comparative genome analysis of the congeneric species revealed the species-specific evolution of chrysin and apigenin biosynthetic genes, such as the S. baicalensis-specific tandem duplication of genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia lyase and chalcone synthase, and the S. barbata-specific duplication of genes encoding 4-CoA ligase. In addition, the paralogous duplication, colinearity, and expression diversity of CYP82D subfamily members revealed the functional divergence of genes encoding flavone hydroxylase between S. baicalensis and S. barbata. Analyzing these Scutellaria genomes reveals the common and species-specific evolution of flavone biosynthetic genes. Thus, these findings would facilitate the development of molecular breeding and studies of biosynthesis and regulation of bioactive compounds.
