Cosinor-rhythmometry for 24-h urinary sodium, potassium, creatinine excretion in the Chinese adult population.
10.1097/CM9.0000000000001319
- Author:
Ya-Guang PENG
1
;
Jing-Jing FENG
2
;
Ying ZHANG
3
;
Kun LI
4
;
Si-Yu CAI
1
;
Ruo-Hua YAN
1
;
Xiao-Xia PENG
1
Author Information
1. Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Evidence-based Medicine, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China.
2. Department of Nursing Administration and Rehabilitation Research, National Institute of Hospital Administration, Beijing 100044, China.
3. Department of Diseases Prevention and Control, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
4. Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China.
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- MeSH:
Adult;
China;
Circadian Rhythm;
Creatinine;
Humans;
Potassium;
Sodium;
Urine Specimen Collection;
Young Adult
- From:
Chinese Medical Journal
2021;134(5):539-545
- CountryChina
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The low accuracy of equations predicting 24-h urinary sodium excretion using a single spot urine sample contributed to the misclassification of individual sodium intake levels. The application of single spot urine sample is limited by a lack of representativity of urinary sodium excretion, possibly due to the circadian rhythm in urinary excretion. This study aimed to explore the circadian rhythm, characteristics, and parameters in a healthy young adult Chinese population as a theoretical foundation for developing new approaches.
METHODS:Eighty-five participants (mean age 32.4 years) completed the 24-h urine collection by successively collecting each of the single-voided specimens within 24 h. The concentrations of the urinary sodium, potassium, and creatinine for each voided specimen were measured. Cosinor analysis was applied to explore the circadian rhythm of the urinary sodium, potassium, and creatinine excretion. The excretion per hour was computed for analyzing the change over time with repeated-measures analysis of variance and a cubic spline model.
RESULTS:The metabolism of urinary sodium, potassium, and creatinine showed different patterns of circadian rhythm, although the urinary sodium excretion showed non-significant parameters in the cosinor model. A significant circadian rhythm of urinary creatinine excretion was observed, while the circadian rhythm of sodium was less significant than that of potassium. The circadian rhythm of urinary sodium and creatinine excretion showed synchronization to some extent, which had a nocturnal peak and fell to the lowest around noon to afternoon. In contrast, the peak of potassium was observed in the morning and dropped to the lowest point in the evening. The hourly urinary excretion followed a similar circadian rhythm.
CONCLUSION:It is necessary to consider the circadian rhythm of urinary sodium, potassium, and creatinine excretion in adults while exploring the estimation model for 24-h urinary sodium excretion using spot urine.
