Epidemiology and Determinants of Serologically Diagnosed HIV-1 and HIV-1&2 in Tertiary Hospitals of Eastern Peninsular Malaysia

Siti Aishah Muhadi; Habsah Hasan; Nurahan Maning; Nik Rosmawati Nik Husain; Fatimah Haslina Abdullah

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Epidemiology and Determinants of Serologically Diagnosed HIV-1 and HIV-1&2 in Tertiary Hospitals of Eastern Peninsular Malaysia

Author: Siti Aishah Muhadi ^{1
,

2} ; Habsah Hasan ^{1
,

2} ; Nurahan Maning ³ ; Nik Rosmawati Nik Husain ^{2
,

4} ; Fatimah Haslina Abdullah ⁵
Author Information

1. Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia&
2. Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
3. Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, 15586, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
4. Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia&
5. Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, 20400, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Publication Type:Journal Article
Keywords: HIV-1, HIV-2, Serology
From:Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2020;16(SP 1, September):9-15
CountryMalaysia
Language:English
Abstract: Introduction: HIV is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. There are two types of HIV, HIV-1, and HIV-2, which are geographically different in epidemiology and determinants. Objective: To determine the epidemiology and determinants of HIV-1 and HIV-1&2 in the three tertiary hospitals of Eastern Peninsular Malaysia. Method: A cross-sectional study of confirmed serologically HIV-1 and HIV-1&2 from January 2016 until December 2018. SPSS analysed all collected data, descriptive statistics for sociodemographic data and Pearson chi-square for the association between type of HIV with HCV, HBV, syphilis, and tuberculosis. In identifying the risk factor associated with HIV-1&2, several variables were tested by the Multiple Logistic Regression Model. A P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 519 serologically diagnosed HIV, 344 (66.28%) were HIV-1, and 175 (33.72%) were HIV-1&2. HIV positive were highly distributed in Malay male in both groups. Most HIV-1 patients were single, unemployed, and presented with tuberculosis. HIV-1&2 were single and employed, mostly asymptomatic at diagnosis. The commonest mode of transmission for HIV-1 was by sexual contact (31.87%), whereas IVDU (13.63%) in HIV-1&2. Co-infection with tuberculosis (P=0.005) and HCV (P<0.001) were significantly higher in HIV-1 as compared to HIV-1&2. IVDU was a significant determinant to develop HIV-1&2 (Adjusted OR: 3.5, 95% CI=1.875-5.227, P<0.001). Conclusion: HIV-1&2 was high in this study. Patients with HIV-1&2 present in less severe symptoms compared to the patient with HIV-1. A further molecular diagnostic study should be tested to confirm the type of HIV.
Full text:11.2020my0868.pdf