A feasibility study of the incidence and symptoms of the throwing yips in college baseball players

Toshiyuki Aoyama; Kazumichi AE; Hiroto Souma; Kazuhiro Miyata; Kazuhiro Kajita; Takaaki Nara; Takashi Kawamura

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A feasibility study of the incidence and symptoms of the throwing yips in college baseball players

VernacularTitle:大学野球選手における送球イップスの発症率とその症状に関する探索的研究
Author: Toshiyuki AOYAMA ¹ ; Kazumichi AE ¹ ; Hiroto SOUMA ² ; Kazuhiro MIYATA ¹ ; Kazuhiro KAJITA ³ ; Takaaki NARA ⁴ ; Takashi KAWAMURA ⁴
Author Information

1. Department of Physical Therapy, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences
2. Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Gakusai Hospital
3. Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Tsukuba International Academy for Sport Studies (TIAS), University of Tsukuba
4. Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba
Keywords: throwing yips; baseball; movement disorder; pitching; physical symptom
From:Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 2021;70(1):91-100
CountryJapan
Language:Japanese
Abstract: The yips represent a disorder that makes it challenging for an individual to perform automatic and coordinated movements in sports activities. The cause of the yips is not sufficiently clarified, and limited information is available regarding throwing yips in baseball. Therefore, this study was designed to clarify the incidence and characteristics of the throwing yips among college baseball players. Total 107 players of the college baseball team participated in the study and completed the questionnaire by answering questions about their experience of the yips (loss of control to throw the ball accurately for more than 1 month), the symptom intensity, and changes observed in the symptoms in different situations. The 47.1% of players met the definition of throwing yips. The symptoms of the yips were more pronounced with short-distances and low intensity of throwing. Moreover, there were various subjective symptoms, such as the issue about co-contraction of the upper limb, sensory function, body ownership, and movement planning. Various physical symptoms associated with throwing yips suggest that the yips are not only a disorder of motor skills, but result from movement disorders. The present results show that the occurrence of the yips depends on the throwing condition; this finding provides useful insights into the mechanism and the treatment of the yips. Interdisciplinary studies that aim to elucidate the cause of the yips and develop effective intervention are necessary.