The role and application of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes in the treatment of nervous system diseases
10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2040
- Author:
Zhencheng GAO
1
Author Information
1. Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Alzheimer’s disease;
Cerebrovascular disease;
Epilepsy;
Exosomes;
Mesenchymal stem cells;
Nervous system diseases;
Neurodegenerative diseases;
Spinal cord injury;
Tissue repair
- From:
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research
2020;24(19):3048-3054
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier, macromolecular drugs cannot enter the brain tissue through the blood-brain barrier to exhibit their therapeutic effects. Therefore, many nervous system diseases and neurodegenerative diseases cannot be effectively treated. In recent years, studies have found that mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes are characterized by small volume and can be loaded with lipid, protein, nucleic acid and other signal substances, which can repair the tissue damage induced by ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and spinal cord i njury. Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes have gradually become an important tool for the treatment of neurological diseases. OBJECTIVE: To analyze and summarize the effects of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes on the treatment of nervous system diseases from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives, and to present the problems and precautions in the basic research and clinical trials of exosomes. METHODS: “Exosomes, extracellular vesicles, MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells, neurodegenerative diseases” were used as the English search terms. The PubMed database was searched by computer, and the articles describing the characteristics and repairing effects of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes were included. Irrelevant articles were excluded. Finally, 35 articles were included for further analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes have biological characteristics such as crossing the blood-brain barrier easily, carrying abundant signal substances, and playing important roles in animal disease models, such as anti-inflammation, promotion of neuronal growth, maintaining the number of neurons, and promotion of neurite remodeling. Meanwhile, modified exosomes can play a more effective tissue-repairing function than natural exosomes, which can be used as a specific molecular drug carrier for the treatment of specific neurological diseases.
