High-intensity interval training induced PGC-1α and AdipoR1 gene expressions and improved insulin sensitivity in obese individuals

Nur Hidayah Asilah Za&rsquo; Don; Amirul Farhana Muhammad Kamal; Farhanim Ismail; Sharifah Izwan Tuan Othman; Mahendran Appukutty; Norita Salim; Nor Farah Mohamad Fauzi; Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin

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High-intensity interval training induced PGC-1α and AdipoR1 gene expressions and improved insulin sensitivity in obese individuals

Author: Nur Hidayah Asilah Za’don ¹ ; Amirul Farhana Muhammad Kamal ² ; Farhanim Ismail ² ; Sharifah Izwan Tuan Othman ² ; Mahendran Appukutty ^{3
,

4} ; Norita Salim ⁵ ; Nor Farah Mohamad Fauzi ⁶ ; Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin ^{7
,

8}
Author Information

1. Center for Health and Applied Sciences,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2. Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, University Selangor (UNISEL), Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3. Faculty of Sport Science &
4. Recreation, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
5. Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
6. Center for Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
7. Center for Healthy Ageing &
8. Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Publication Type:Journal Article
Keywords: exercise; obesity; PGC-1α; insulin resistance; adiponectin
From: The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2019;74(6):461-467
CountryMalaysia
Language:English
Abstract: Introduction: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been found to improve cardiometabolic health outcome as compared to moderate-intensity continuous exercise. However, there is still limited data on the benefits of HIIT on the expression of regulatory proteins that are linked to skeletal muscle metabolism and insulin sensitivity in obese adults. This study investigated the effects of HIIT intervention on expressions of peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) and adiponectin receptor-1 (AdipoR1), insulin sensitivity (HOMAIR index), and body composition in overweight/obese individuals. Methods: Fifty overweight/obese individuals aged 22-29 years were assigned to either no-exercise control (n=25) or HIIT (n=25) group. The HIIT group underwent a 12-week intervention, three days/week, with intensity of 65-80% of age-based maximum heart rate. Anthropometric measurements, homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and gene expression analysis were conducted at baseline and post intervention. Results: Significant time-by-group interactions (p<0.001) were found for body weight, BMI, waist circumference and body fat percentage. The HIIT group had lower body weight (2.3%, p<0.001), BMI (2.7%, p<0.001), waist circumference (2.4%, p<0.001) and body fat percentage (4.3%, p<0.001) post intervention. Compared to baseline, expressions of PGC-1α and AdipoR1 were increased by approximately three-fold (p=0.019) and two-fold (p=0.003) respectively, along with improved insulin sensitivity (33%, p=0.019) in the HIIT group. Conclusion: Findings suggest that HIIT possibly improved insulin sensitivity through modulation of PGC-1α and AdipoR1. This study also showed that improved metabolic responses can occur despite modest reduction in body weight in overweight/obese individuals undergoing HIIT intervention.