Risk factors associated with soil transmitted helminth (STH) infection in two indigenous communities in Malaysia

M Nisha; M Aiman; N Asyhira; H Syafiq; N Atiqah; V Kumarasamy; MP Tan; F Davamani

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Risk factors associated with soil transmitted helminth (STH) infection in two indigenous communities in Malaysia

Author: Nisha, M. ¹ ; Aiman, M. ¹ ; Asyhira, N. ¹ ; Syafiq, H. ¹ ; Atiqah, N. ¹ ; Kumarasamy, V. ² ; Tan, M.P. ³ ; Davamani, F. ⁴
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1. Investigative Biomedical Science Research Cluster, Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL MESTECH), A1-1, Jalan TKS 1, Taman Kajang Sentral, Selangor, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
2. Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, MAHSA University, Jalan SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610, Jenjarum, Selangor, Malaysia
3. Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya
4. International Medical University (IMU), No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Publication Type:Journal Article
From:Tropical Biomedicine 2020;37(No.2):379-388
CountryMalaysia
Language:English
Abstract: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) could possibly cause mild to severe health effects such as diarrhea, weakness, intestinal blood loss, and impaired cognitive development and growth. In Malaysia, previous studies depicted a high prevalence rate of STH was due to poor hygiene practice and low efficacies of anthelminthic drugs. This study was conducted to investigate hand hygiene practice and WASH criteria’s (Water, sanitation and hygiene) related to STH infection among two indigenous tribes in Peninsular Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was carried out to study the relationship among STH infection compared to water quality, sanitation, and hygiene conditions. A total of 190 individuals from two indigenous villages participated in the study, with ages ranging from 5 to 60 years old. In addition, Pearson’s Chisquare (X2) test was utilized to test the relationship among STH with demographic socioeconomic and behavioral factors. The confidence interval (CI) of 95% is used to estimate the precision of the odds ratio (OR). Multivariate logistic regression models were also used to identify the risk factors associated with STH infections. The overall findings indicated a prevalence rate of 72% for STH, and distributed mainly among children aged < 12 years. Furthermore, multivariate analyses using logistic regression revealed chronic health problems, incorrect hand washing, and walking bare footed were associated with STH infection. Overall results indicated high prevalence of STH among the indigenous villagers, which aligns with the published literature and proves to be a problem need to be addressed as neglected disease. Interestingly, there was a significant relationship between the presences of chronic diseases and STH infection, which prompted other questions the awareness needs to be educated and the simple and low-cost intervention on the proper way of hand washing may help to reduce STH infection in these indigenous communities.
Full text:8.2020my1127.pdf