Progress on mechanisms for pathogensto evade NOD-like receptor and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways.
- Author:
He YUJIE
1
,
2
;
Jianping PAN
3
Author Information
1. School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
2. Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
3. School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China. jppan@zucc.edu.cn.
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- MeSH:
Immunity, Innate;
NLR Proteins;
immunology;
Receptors, Interleukin-1;
metabolism;
Signal Transduction;
Toll-Like Receptors;
immunology
- From:
Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences
2017;46(2):218-224
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
The innate immune system provides a first line of defense against invading pathogens, in which the pattern recognition receptors (PRR) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) and initiate the downstream signaling pathways to eliminate the encountered pathogens. There are two main classes of such signaling pathways: NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. The microbial pathogens under selective pressure have evolved numerous mechanisms to avoid and/or manipulate the NLR and TLR signal transduction for survival and replication. To evade the NLR signaling pathway, pathogens interfere and/or inhibit inflammasome activation in innate immune cells by producing virulence factors or reducing PAMPs expression. The mechanisms for pathogens to evade TLR signaling pathway include: inhibition of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) cascade reaction, inhibition of NF-КB activation, and interference of down-stream signal transduction by producing Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-containing proteins which bind directly with TLRs or adaptor proteins in the signaling pathway.
