Sedation Regimens for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.

Author: Sung Hoon MOON ¹
Author Information

1. Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea. endomoon@naver.com
Publication Type:Review
Keywords: Sedation; Endoscopy; Analgesia; Endoscopic sedation
MeSH: Analgesia; Analgesics; Anxiety; Endoscopy; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal*; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Meperidine; Midazolam; Pharmacology; Propofol
From:Clinical Endoscopy 2014;47(2):135-140
CountryRepublic of Korea
Language:English
Abstract: Sedation allows patients to tolerate unpleasant endoscopic procedures by relieving anxiety, discomfort, or pain. It also reduces a patient's risk of physical injury during endoscopic procedures, while providing the endoscopist with an adequate setting for a detailed examination. Sedation is therefore considered by many endoscopists to be an essential component of gastrointestinal endoscopy. Endoscopic sedation by nonanesthesiologists is a worldwide practice and has been proven effective and safe. Moderate sedation/analgesia is generally accepted as an appropriate target for sedation by nonanesthesiologists. This focused review describes the general principles of endoscopic sedation, the detailed pharmacology of sedatives and analgesics (focused on midazolam, propofol, meperidine, and fentanyl), and the multiple regimens available for use in actual practice.