Prenatal tobacco exposure and ADHD symptoms at pre-school age: the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health.
10.1186/s12199-019-0834-4
- Author:
Machiko MINATOYA
1
;
Atsuko ARAKI
1
;
Sachiko ITOH
1
;
Keiko YAMAZAKI
1
;
Sumitaka KOBAYASHI
1
;
Chihiro MIYASHITA
1
;
Seiko SASAKI
2
;
Reiko KISHI
3
Author Information
1. Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
2. Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
3. Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan. rkishi@med.hokudai.ac.jp.
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
ADHD;
Birth cohort;
Passive smoking;
Prenatal tobacco exposure;
SDQ
- MeSH:
Adult;
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity;
epidemiology;
etiology;
physiopathology;
psychology;
Child, Preschool;
Cotinine;
blood;
Female;
Follow-Up Studies;
Humans;
Japan;
epidemiology;
Male;
Maternal Exposure;
adverse effects;
Mothers;
Pregnancy;
Pregnancy Trimester, Third;
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects;
epidemiology;
etiology;
Risk;
Sex Factors;
Tobacco Smoking;
adverse effects;
epidemiology
- From:Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
2019;24(1):74-74
- CountryJapan
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
BACKGROUND:There have been inconsistent findings reported on maternal passive smoking during pregnancy and child risk of ADHD. In this study, ADHD symptoms at pre-school age children in association with prenatal passive and active tobacco smoke exposure determined by maternal plasma cotinine levels in the third trimester were investigated.
METHODS:This was a follow-up study of the birth cohort: the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health. Children whose parents answered Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to identify child ADHD symptoms (hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems) and total difficulties at age 5 years with available maternal plasma cotinine level at the third trimester were included (n = 3216). Cotinine levels were categorized into 4 groups; ≦ 0.21 ng/ml (non-smoker), 0.22-0.51 ng/ml (low-passive smoker), 0.52-11.48 ng/ml (high-passive smoker), and ≧ 11.49 ng/ml (active smoker).
RESULTS:Maternal cotinine levels of active smokers were significantly associated with an increased risk of total difficulties (OR = 1.67) and maternal low- and high-passive smoking also increased the risk (OR = 1.11, 1.25, respectively) without statistical significance. Similarly, maternal cotinine levels of active smokers were associated with an increased risk of hyperactivity/inattention (OR = 1.49). Maternal low- and high-passive smoking and active smoking increased the risk of hyperactivity/inattention (OR = 1.45, 1.43, and OR = 1.59, respectively) only in boys.
CONCLUSION:Our findings suggested that maternal active smoking during pregnancy may contribute to the increased risk of child total difficulties and hyperactivity/inattention at pre-school age. Pregnant women should be encouraged to quit smoking and avoid exposure to tobacco smoke.
