Research and application of stem cell ⁃ derived exosomes in regenerative medicine
10.12016/j.issn.2096⁃1456.2020.01.001
- Author:
YE Qingsong
1
;
HU Fengting
2
;
LUO Lihua
2
;
Maria Troulis
3
Author Information
1. 1. School of Dentistry, University of Queensland 2.Institute of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University 3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School
2. Institute of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University
3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
stem cells;
exosomes;
extracelluar vesicles;
tissue engineering;
regenerative medicine;
bone re⁃
- From:
Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases
2020;28(1):1-10
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Stem cells are a class of undifferentiated cells with high self⁃renewal and rapid proliferative capabilities.
Undercertain conditions, stem cells can induce differentiation into other tissue cells of the human body, such as skeletal
muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, osteoblasts, and nerve⁃like cells. In recent years, with the development of tissue engineer⁃
ing and regenerative medicine, stem cells have been extensively used in various fields of regenerative medicine as opti⁃
mal seeded cells; however, there are still some problems, such as the decreased cell survival rate and regenerative ca⁃
pacity after transplantation, immune rejection, and ethical supervision. Therefore, it is difficult to universally and safely
use stem cell banks for regeneration applications. The paracrine effect of stem cells has been extensively studied since
its discovery. Increasing evidence supports the view that stem cells act in paracrine manner, and the secretion of exo⁃
somes plays a vital role in their biological functions. Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles containing biological⁃
ly active molecules such as RNA and proteins; they possess similar functions to stem cells and play important roles in
cell communication, immune response, and repair of tissue damage. At present, clinical studies on stem cell exosomes
in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have also been carried out in the fields of bone and cartilage repair,
nerve tissue regeneration, liver tissue regeneration, skeletal muscle tissue engineering, vascular regeneration, taste bud
repair, tooth regeneration, etc. In this paper, the composition, formation, release and identification of exosomes are intro⁃
duced in detail. The research status of exosomes from different stem cell sources in tissue engineering and regenerative
medicine is described, and their broad application prospects are discussed.
- Full text:干细胞外泌体在再生医学中的研究与应用.pdf
