Mak Nyahs and Sex Reassignment Surgery – A Qualitative Study from Pahang, Malaysia
- Author:
Draman S
- Collective Name:Maliya S, Syaffiq M , Hamizah Z , Abdul Hakim A , MR Razman
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Mak nyah, male-to-female transgender, sex reassignment surgery.
- From:
The International Medical Journal Malaysia
2019;18(1):21-34
- CountryMalaysia
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Introduction: Mak nyahs are locally known male-to-female transgenders in Malaysia. In Western countries,
medicalization of transgenderism allows strictly selected patients to undergo sex reassignment surgery.
However, a standardized treatment system is not yet available in Malaysia. A number of mak nyahs
underwent sex reassignment surgery at their own will. This study aimed to explore mak nyahs’ knowledge
and perception on sex reassignment surgery. Materials and Methods: A qualitative research was carried out
from 13th July 2016 till 31st August 2016 among 8 adult mak nyahs in Kuantan, Pahang. Snowball sampling
was used. Participants who gave verbal consent were interviewed individually and in focus groups. Data
obtained was transcribed and used as the primary data source. Results: All informants were Malays and
Muslims. They generally had some knowledge about the standard procedures and risks in sex reassignment
surgery. All informants expressed their desire to have the surgery, but chose not to. Reasons discouraging
them from having the surgery were: i) religion, ii) forbiddance from family, iii) fear of regret, iv) death
from surgery, and v) the lack of necessity. Factors driving them to have the surgery: i) more income from
sex work, ii) pressure from sex clients, iii) securing a stable relationship, iv) self-satisfaction, and v) hope
for a better future. Conclusion: Religion seemed to be the main reason refraining them from undertaking
the surgery. Counselling mak nyahs should include the advantages and disadvantages of sexual reassignment
surgery. Islamic religious preaching is very important to help reduce high risk behaviours, as well as teaching
mak nyahs to cope with challenges in adult life. Further research is necessary to show association between
religious knowledge and successful rehabilitation of the mak nyahs’ community.
- Full text:180110.pdf
