Viral and Bacterial Etiology of Acute Febrile Respiratory Syndrome among Patients in Qinghai, China.

Gao Shan Liu; Hong LI; Sheng Cang Zhao; Rou Jian LU; Pei Hua Niu; Wen Jie Tan

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Viral and Bacterial Etiology of Acute Febrile Respiratory Syndrome among Patients in Qinghai, China.

Author: Gao Shan LIU ¹ ; Hong LI ² ; Sheng Cang ZHAO ² ; Rou Jian LU ¹ ; Pei Hua NIU ¹ ; Wen Jie TAN ¹
Author Information

1. NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
2. Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Qinghai Province, Xining 810007, Qinghai, China.
Publication Type:Journal Article
Keywords: Acute febrile respiratory syndrome; Prevalence; Seasonal distribution; Viral and bacterial etiology
MeSH: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; China; epidemiology; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Nasopharynx; virology; Seasons; Sentinel Surveillance; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; epidemiology; virology; Young Adult
From: Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2019;32(6):438-445
CountryChina
Language:English
Abstract: OBJECTIVE:This study was conducted to investigate the viral and bacterial etiology and epidemiology of patients with acute febrile respiratory syndrome (AFRS) in Qinghai using a commercial routine multiplex-ligation-nucleic acid amplification test (NAT)-based assay.
METHODS:A total of 445 nasopharyngeal swabs specimens from patients with AFRS were analyzed using the RespiFinderSmart22kit (PathoFinder BV, Netherlands) and the LightCycler 480 real-time PCR system.
RESULTS:Among the 225 (225/445, 51%) positive specimens, 329 positive pathogens were detected, including 298 (90.58%) viruses and 31 (9%) bacteria. The most commonly detected pathogens were inﬂuenza virus (IFV; 37.39%; 123/329), adenovirus (AdV; 17.02%; 56/329), human coronaviruses (HCoVs; 10.94%; 36/329), rhinovirus/enterovirus (RV/EV; 10.03%; 33/329), parainﬂuenza viruses (PIVs; 8.51%; 28/329), and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneu; 8.51%; 28/329), respectively. Among the co-infected cases (17.53%; 78/445), IFV/AdV and IFV/M. pneu were the most common co-infections. Most of the respiratory viruses were detected in summer and fall.
CONCLUSION:In our study, IFV-A was the most common respiratory pathogen among 22 detected pathogens, followed by AdV, HCoV, RV/EV, PIV, and M. pneu. Bacteria appeared less frequently than viruses, and co-infection was the most common phenomenon among viral pathogens. Pathogens were distributed among different age groups and respiratory viruses were generally active in July, September, and November. Enhanced surveillance and early detection can be useful in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of AFRS, as well as for guiding the development of appropriate public health strategies.