Breeding peanut variety Yuhua 7 by fast neutron irradiation and tissue culture.

Xia Wang; Luxiang Liu; Lixian Qiao; Jiongming Sui; Defeng Jiang; Guan LI; Linshu Zhao; Jingshan Wang

Return

Breeding peanut variety Yuhua 7 by fast neutron irradiation and tissue culture.

Author: Xia WANG ¹ ; Luxiang LIU ² ; Lixian QIAO ³ ; Jiongming SUI ³ ; Defeng JIANG ³ ; Guan LI ³ ; Linshu ZHAO ² ; Jingshan WANG ³
Author Information

1. College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China.
2. National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
3. Dry-land Farming Technology Laboratory, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China.
Publication Type:Journal Article
Keywords: early maturity; in vitro culture; irradiation mutagenesis; low oil content; peanut variety
MeSH: Arachis; Breeding; China; Fast Neutrons; Plant Breeding; Seeds
From: Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2019;35(2):270-280
CountryChina
Language:Chinese
Abstract: Creating new germplasms and breeding new cultivars in peanut by radiation mutagenesis and tissue culture were conducted in this study, aiming to develop new breeding method of peanut. Mature seeds from Luhua 11, the most commonly grown peanut cultivar in Northern China, were treated by fast neutron irradiation. Then the embryo leaflets were separated from the irradiated seeds and inoculated on the media, and the regenerated seedlings were obtained through somatic embryogenesis pathway. The regenerated seedlings were grafted, acclimated and then transplanted into field and the selfed pods were harvested from 83 regenerated plants. The progenies were selected by the pedigree method, and 107 mutants were obtained from the progenies of the 83 regenerated plants. Different mutants showed obvious variation in many agronomic traits, including main stem height, branch number, pod shape and size, seed coat color, inner seed coat color, oil content and protein content etc. Yuhua 7, a new peanut variety with low oil content, early maturity and waterlogging tolerance was obtained. The yield of Yuhua 7 was over 14% higher than that of the mutagenic parent Luhua 11, and the oil content of kernels was 47.0%, lower than that of parent Luhua 11 with 52.1% oil content. Yuhua 7 had passed peanut variety regional multi-location trials in Liaoning Province in 2016 and its average yield was 13.8% higher than that of the control variety Baisha 1017. It had also passed national peanut variety registration, and the registration ID is "GPD peanut (2018) 370105". The results show that irradiation mutagenesis combined with tissue culture is an effective method for creating new germplasm and breeding new varieties of peanut.