Established and Emerging Mechanisms of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
- Author:
Johannes GOLLMER
1
;
Andreas ZIRLIK
;
Heiko BUGGER
Author Information
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Heart failure; Diabetic cardiomyopathy
- MeSH: Acetylation; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Calcium; Cardiomegaly; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies; Epigenomics; Fibrosis; Heart; Heart Failure; Hypertension; Inflammation; MicroRNAs; Mitochondrial Proteins; Oxidative Stress; Quality Control
- From:Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis 2019;8(1):26-47
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
- Abstract: Diabetes mellitus increases the risk for the development of heart failure even in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension, a cardiac entity termed diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). Clinically, DC is increasingly recognized and typically characterized by concentric cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, ultimately resulting in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and potentially even heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Numerous molecular mechanisms have been proposed to underlie the alterations in myocardial structure and function in DC, many of which show similar alterations in the failing heart. Well investigated and established mechanisms of DC include increased myocardial fibrosis, enhanced apoptosis, oxidative stress, impaired intracellular calcium handling, substrate metabolic alterations, and inflammation, among others. In addition, a number of novel mechanisms that receive increasing attention have been identified in recent years, including autophagy, dysregulation of microRNAs, epigenetic mechanisms, and alterations in mitochondrial protein acetylation, dynamics and quality control. This review aims to provide an overview and update of established underlying mechanisms of DC, as well as a discussion of recently identified and emerging mechanisms that may also contribute to the structural and functional alterations in DC.
