Consequences of chemotherapeutic agents on primordial follicles and future clinical applications
10.5468/ogs.2019.62.6.382
- Author:
So Youn KIM
1
;
Geum Joon CHO
;
John S DAVIS
Author Information
1. Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. soyoun.kim@unmc.edu
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords:
Ovarian follicle;
Primary ovarian insufficiency;
Fertility;
Fertility preservation
- MeSH:
Adolescent;
Child;
DNA Damage;
Female;
Fertility;
Fertility Preservation;
Humans;
Infertility;
Ovarian Follicle;
Ovarian Reserve;
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency;
Puberty;
Puberty, Delayed
- From:Obstetrics & Gynecology Science
2019;62(6):382-390
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
The ovarian reserve is necessary for female fertility and endocrine health. Commonly used cancer therapies diminish the ovarian reserve, thus, resulting in primary ovarian insufficiency, which clinically presents as infertility and endocrine dysfunction. Prepubertal children who have undergone cancer therapies often experience delayed puberty or cannot initiate puberty and require endocrine support to maintain a normal life. Thus, developing an effective intervention to prevent loss of the ovarian reserve is an unmet need for these cancer patients. The selection of adjuvant therapies to protect the ovarian reserve against cancer therapies underlies the mechanism of loss of primordial follicles (PFs). Several theories have been proposed to explain the loss of PFs. The “burn out” theory postulates that chemotherapeutic agents activate dormant PFs through an activation pathway. Another theory posits that chemotherapeutic agents destroy PFs through an “apoptotic pathway” due to high sensitivity to DNA damage. However, the mechanisms causing loss of the ovarian reserve remains largely speculative. Here, we review current literature in this area and consider the mechanisms of how gonadotoxic therapies deplete PFs in the ovarian reserve.
