Challenges in Parathyroid Cancers: A Review
- Author:
Sujith Indeewara Wijerathne
1
Author Information
1. Division of Thyroid and Endocrine Surgery, Department of General Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore.
- Collective Name:Sujith Indeewara Wijerathne; Rajeev Parameswaran
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords:
cancer;
genetic;
hypercalcaemia;
hyperparathyroidism;
parathyroid
- From:Journal of Surgical Academia
2018;8(1):5-15
- CountryMalaysia
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Parathyroid carcinomas are rare neoplasms, with a reported incidence of less than 1% of cases of primary
hyperparathyroidism. Diagnosis and treatment of parathyroid carcinoma remains a challenge, as many of the
pathologic features are neither sensitive nor specific in differentiating from benign parathyroid lesions. The rule of
3’s (serum calcium of more than 3mmol/L and size of the adenoma being more than 3cm) is helpful in risk
identifying a cancer. Ultrasound of the neck and Tc-99m pertechnetate/Tc-99m sestamibi (MIBI) scan remains the
two main modalities of investigation of parathyroid disease. Although en-bloc treatment is recommended for
parathyroid cancer, it is only performed in up to 12% of cases. This review illustrates the challenges in diagnosis and
treatment of parathyroid carcinoma.
- Full text:19.2018my0296.pdf
