Tissue-specific Role of CX₃CL1 Expressing Immune Cells and Their Relationships with Human Disease
- Author:
Myoungsoo LEE
1
;
Yongsung LEE
;
Jihye SONG
;
Junhyung LEE
;
Sun Young CHANG
Author Information
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords: CX₃CL1; CX₃CL1; Tissue specificity; Monocytes; Macrophages
- MeSH: Bone Marrow; Brain; Chemokine CX3CL1; Chemotaxis; Dendritic Cells; Homeostasis; Humans; Ligands; Liver; Lung; Macrophages; Monocytes; Organ Specificity; T-Lymphocytes
- From:Immune Network 2018;18(1):e5-
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
- Abstract: Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX₃CL1, also known as fractalkine) and its receptor chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (CX₃CR1) are widely expressed in immune cells and non-immune cells throughout organisms. However, their expression is mostly cell type-specific in each tissue. CX₃CR1 expression can be found in monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Interaction between CX3CL1 and CX₃CL1 can mediate chemotaxis of immune cells according to concentration gradient of ligands. CX₃CL1 expressing immune cells have a main role in either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory response depending on environmental condition. In a given tissue such as bone marrow, brain, lung, liver, gut, and cancer, CX₃CL1 expressing cells can maintain tissue homeostasis. Under pathologic conditions, however, CX₃CL1 expressing cells can play a critical role in disease pathogenesis. Here, we discuss recent progresses of CX3CL1/CX₃CL1 in major tissues and their relationships with human diseases.
