Recent progress in laboratory diagnosis of thalassemia and hemoglobinopathy: a study by the Korean Red Blood Cell Disorder Working Party of the Korean Society of Hematology
- Author:
Young Kyung LEE
1
;
Hee Jin KIM
;
Kyunghoon LEE
;
Sang Hyuk PARK
;
Sang Hoon SONG
;
Moon Woo SEONG
;
Myungshin KIM
;
Jin Yeong HAN
Author Information
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords: Thalassemia; Hemoglobinopathies; Anemia; Diagnosis; Genetic testing
- MeSH: Amino Acid Sequence; Anemia; Blood Cell Count; Chromatography, Liquid; Classification; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Diagnosis; Electrophoresis; Erythrocytes; Genetic Testing; Hematology; Hemoglobinopathies; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Incidence; Korea; Mass Screening; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Biology; Parturition; Pregnancy Complications; Prenatal Diagnosis; Thalassemia
- From:Blood Research 2019;54(1):17-22
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
- Abstract: Genetic hemoglobin disorders are caused by mutations and/or deletions in the α-globin or β-globin genes. Thalassemia is caused by quantitative defects and hemoglobinopathies by structural defect of hemoglobin. The incidence of thalassemia and hemoglobinopathy is increased in Korea with rapid influx of people from endemic areas. Thus, the awareness of the disease is needed. α-thalassemias are caused by deletions in α-globin gene, while β-thalassemias are associated with decreased synthesis of β-globin due to β-globin gene mutations. Hemoglobinopathies involve structural defects in hemoglobin due to altered amino acid sequence in the α- or β-globin chains. When the patient is suspected with thalassemia/hemoglobinopathy from abnormal complete blood count findings and/or family history, the next step is detecting hemoglobin abnormality using electrophoresis methods including high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The development of novel molecular genetic technologies, such as massively parallel sequencing, facilitates a more precise molecular diagnosis of thalassemia/hemoglobinopathy. Moreover, prenatal diagnosis using genetic testing enables the prevention of thalassemia birth and pregnancy complications. We aimed to review the spectrum and classification of thalassemia/hemoglobinopathy diseases and the diagnostic strategies including screening tests, molecular genetic tests, and prenatal diagnosis.
