The Philippine Council for Health Research and Development-Department of Science and Technology (PCHRD-DOST), and the Philippine College of Surgeons (PCS) signed a Memorandum of Agreement on 1 June 1999, whereby both agreed to support the formation of Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (EBCPGs) on specific areas of surgical care in the Philippines. The areas were to be specified by the PCS, and those areas should have a reasonably large potential of improving the quality of patient care throughout the country, and can be implemented nationwide in both government and private health facilities The first clinical area selected was on when to refer for preoperative cardiac evaluation for elective noncardiac surgery, and when would the intraoperative presence of a cardiologist be beneficial. A Technical Working Group (TWG) was appointed, which: 1) searched and appraised the evidence; 2) prepared a first draft EBCPG; 3) presented the evidence to a Panel of Experts; 4) supervised the panel using the nominal group technique (6 November 1999 - PCS Building); and 5) prepared the second draft EBCPG based on the consensus recommendations of the panel. All processes strictly conformed to the methods of evidence-based guidelines formation specified by evidence-baesd medicine texts The second draft EBCPG was presented on 11 December 1999 during the 55th Clinical Congress of the PCS, and the final draft approved by the PCS Board of Regents on 29 January 2000 Literature search was conducted through the MEDLINE, COCHRANE Library an the HERDIN Database. A total of 2,156 titles, 427 abstracts and 77 full text articles were appraised. Data from 23 prospective cohort studies were encoded into the software COCHRANE Review Manager (RevMan), Version 3.0 for Windows (updated October 7, 1996). Tables were generated which contained authors, outcome rates, relative risks and the 95% confidence intervals of the relative risks. Three perioperative outcomes were identified-cardiac morbidity, cardiac death, and overall cardiac events