Mechanisms of Selective Antimicrobial Activity of Gaegurin 4.
10.4196/kjpp.2009.13.1.39
- Author:
Heejeong KIM
1
;
Byeong Jae LEE
;
Mun Han LEE
;
Seong Geun HONG
;
Pan Dong RYU
Author Information
1. Laboratories of Veterinary Pharmacology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. pdryu@snu.ac.kr
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords:
Antimicrobial peptide;
Cell selectivity;
Lipid composition;
Planar lipid bilayer;
K+ efflux
- MeSH:
Bacteria;
Cholesterol;
Erythrocytes;
Fees and Charges;
Gram-Negative Bacteria;
Lipid Bilayers;
Membrane Lipids;
Membranes;
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission;
Peptides;
Phosphatidylcholines;
Protein Precursors
- From:The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
2009;13(1):39-47
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Gaegurin 4 (GGN4), an antimicrobial peptide isolated from a Korean frog, is five times more potent against Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria, but has little hemolytic activity. To understand the mechanism of such cell selectivity, we examined GGN4-induced K+ efflux from target cells, and membrane conductances in planar lipid bilayers. The K+ efflux from Gram-positive M. luteus (2.5microgram/ml) was faster and larger than that from Gram-negative E. coli (75microgram/ml), while that from RBC was negligible even at higher concentration (100microgram/ml). GGN4 induced larger conductances in the planar bilayers which were formed with lipids extracted from Gram-positive B. subtilis than in those from E. coli (p<0.01), however, the effects of GGN4 were not selective in the bilayers formed with lipids from E. coli and red blood cells. Addition of an acidic phospholipid, phosphatidylserine to planar bilayers increased the GGN4-induced membrane conductance (p<0.05), but addition of phosphatidylcholine or cholesterol reduced it (p<0.05). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that GGN4 induced pore-like damages in M. luteus and dis-layering damages on the outer wall of E. coli. Taken together, the present results indicate that the selectivity of GGN4 toward Gram-positive over Gram-negative bacteria is due to negative surface charges, and interaction of GGN4 with outer walls. The selectivity toward bacteria over RBC is due to the presence of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol, and the trans-bilayer lipid asymmetry in RBC. The results suggest that design of selective antimicrobial peptides should be based on the composition and topology of membrane lipids in the target cells.
