Therapeutic potential of alpha-1 antitrypsin in human disease.
10.6065/apem.2018.23.3.131
- Author:
Minsun KIM
1
;
Qing CAI
;
Youngman OH
Author Information
1. Department of Pediatrics, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords:
Alpha 1-antitrypsin;
Therapeutic uses;
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;
Diabetes mellitus
- MeSH:
alpha 1-Antitrypsin;
Alpha-Globulins;
Animals;
Apoptosis;
Autoimmune Diseases;
Cystic Fibrosis;
Diabetes Mellitus;
Emphysema;
Glycoproteins;
Humans*;
Hyperglycemia;
Insulin;
Insulin Resistance;
Liver Cirrhosis;
Neutrophils;
Panniculitis;
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive;
Serine Proteases;
Systemic Vasculitis;
Therapeutic Uses
- From:Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism
2018;23(3):131-135
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), an alpha globulin glycoprotein, is a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily. The clinical significance of AAT is highlighted by AAT deficiency. Genetic deficiency of AAT can present as several neutrophilic diseases associated with emphysema, liver cirrhosis, panniculitis, and systemic vasculitis. Recently, animal and human studies have shown that AAT can control inflammatory, immunological, and tissue-protective responses. In addition, AAT treatment can prevent overt hyperglycemia, increase insulin secretion, and reduce cytokine-mediated apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells in diabetes. These multifunctional roles of AAT draw attention to the glycoprotein's therapeutic potential for many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases beyond AAT deficiency. As underlying mechanisms, recent studies have suggested the importance of serine protease inhibitory activity of AAT in obesity-associated insulin resistance, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis. In this review, we explore the multiple functions of AAT, in particular, the anti-inflammatory and serine protease inhibitory functions, and AAT's therapeutic potential in a variety of human diseases through published literature.
