Economic Burden of the Inadequate Management of Allergic Rhinitis and Urticaria in Asian Countries Based on the GA²LEN Model.
10.4168/aair.2018.10.4.370
- Author:
Kanokvalai KULTHANAN
1
;
Supinda CHUSAKUL
;
Marysia Tiongco RECTO
;
Ma Teresita GABRIEL
;
Derrick Chen-Wee AW
;
Narayanan PREPAGERAN
;
Alson WONG
;
Jern Lin LEONG
;
Henry FOONG
;
Vo Thanh QUANG
;
Torsten ZUBERBIER
Author Information
1. Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords:
Allergic rhinitis;
urticaria;
socioeconomic costs
- MeSH:
Absenteeism;
Allergens;
Asia;
Asian Continental Ancestry Group*;
Cost Savings;
Efficiency;
European Union;
Financial Management;
Hong Kong;
Humans;
Hypersensitivity;
Income;
Malaysia;
Philippines;
Pollen;
Presenteeism;
Rhinitis, Allergic*;
Salaries and Fringe Benefits;
Seasons;
Singapore;
Thailand;
Urticaria*;
Vietnam
- From:Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research
2018;10(4):370-378
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
PURPOSE: Across Hong Kong, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam, (referred to as Asia) approximately 30–53 million individuals of the 151 million employed suffer from allergic rhinitis (AR) and urticaria. It is estimated that approximately 90% of patients with these allergic conditions are insufficiently treated, impacting the socioeconomic burden in terms of absence from work and decreased productivity. This study aims to estimate the socioeconomic burden of allergies in Asia and the cost savings that their adequate management can provide. Due to the limited availability of regional data, this study focused AR and urticaria in selected countries. METHODS: Published literature, information from statistical bureaus, clinician surveys and extrapolation of selected data from the European Union were used to determine the socioeconomic costs of AR and urticaria. RESULTS: Many patients in Asia suffer from perennial allergies and experience symptoms of AR and urticaria for up to 298 days per year. An estimate of the indirect costs of patients insufficiently treated for AR and urticaria amounts to USD 105.4 billion a year, which equates to USD 1,137–2,195 per patient due to absenteeism and presenteeism. Adherence to guideline-approved treatment can lead to estimated savings of up to USD 104 billion. CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggests that within Asia, the socioeconomic impact of AR and urticaria is similar to that seen in the European Union in spite of the lower wages in Asia. This is due to the mainly perennial allergens prevailing in Asia, whereas the sensitization patterns observed in the European Union are dominated by seasonal exposure to pollen. These results underline the need for governmental initiatives to increase public awareness on the prevention and treatment of these and other allergic diseases as well as greater research funding and large-scale studies to reduce their growing socioeconomic burden in coming years.
