Differential Association of Vitamin D Deficiency With Albuminuria by Sex in the Korean General Population: A Cross-sectional Study of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012.
- Author:
Yongwoo JEON
1
;
Jaeyong SHIN
;
Jong Hyun JHEE
;
Youngdae CHO
;
Eun Cheol PARK
Author Information
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords: Vitamin D deficiency; Albuminuria; Sex factors; Smoking; Korea
- MeSH: Albuminuria*; Cross-Sectional Studies*; Female; Humans; Korea*; Logistic Models; Male; Nutrition Surveys*; Obesity; Odds Ratio; Reference Values; Sex Characteristics; Sex Factors; Smoke; Smoking; Vitamin D Deficiency*; Vitamin D*; Vitamins*
- From:Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health 2018;51(2):92-99
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
- Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Albuminuria has emerged as a biomarker for several medical conditions, and vitamin D has received attention due to its associations with various disorders. We evaluated the association between low serum vitamin D levels and prevalent albuminuria by sex in the Korean general population. METHODS: We analyzed 9823 participants (4401 males, 5422 females) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012 (KNHANES V-2), and categorized them as having a normal range of vitamin D levels, vitamin D insufficiency, or vitamin D deficiency. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to compare the risk of albuminuria across these groups. Stratified analyses were conducted by smoking status, obesity, and renal function. RESULTS: Albuminuria was found in 325 of the 4401 male participants (7.4%) and in 455 of the 5422 female participants (8.4%). Among the males, vitamin D deficiency was associated with an odds ratio (OR) for albuminuria of 1.78 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 2.97, p < 0.05). However, such an association was not found in females. The association was stronger in male current smokers (OR, 3.54; 95% CI, 1.47 to 8.50; p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that sex differences exist in the association between serum vitamin D deficiency and albuminuria. Additionally, we observed that the association was stronger in current smokers than in the overall male population, but was not seen in non-smokers. Therefore, different approaches by sex and smoking status might be needed when considering using vitamin D as a biomarker for renal function.
