Association of Time to First Morning Cigarette and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Measured by Spirometry in Current Smokers.
10.4082/kjfm.2018.39.2.67
- Author:
Geonhyeok KIM
1
;
Hongji SONG
;
Kyunghee PARK
;
Hyemi NOH
;
Eunyoung LEE
;
Hyoeun LEE
;
Hayoon KIM
;
Yujin PAEK
Author Information
1. Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea. paek@hallym.or.kr
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords:
Smoking;
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease;
Time to First Cigarette;
Nicotine Dependence;
Respiratory Function Tests
- MeSH:
Anemia;
Forced Expiratory Volume;
Heart;
Linear Models;
Logistic Models;
Lung Diseases;
Mass Screening;
Motor Activity;
Odds Ratio;
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive*;
Respiratory Function Tests;
Smoke;
Smoking;
Social Class;
Spirometry*;
Statistics as Topic;
Tobacco Products*;
Tobacco Use Disorder;
Vital Capacity
- From:Korean Journal of Family Medicine
2018;39(2):67-73
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Time to first cigarette after waking is an indicator of nicotine dependence. We aimed to identify the association between time to first cigarette and spirometry-proven obstructive respiratory impairment, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in current smokers. METHODS: We included 392 subjects who visited the comprehensive medical examination center of Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital between July 2014 and September 2015. Subjects with lung disease or anemia were excluded. Obstructive pulmonary impairment was defined as < 70% of the predicted value of forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity. Subjects were classified into the early (≤30 minutes) and late (>30 minutes) groups based on the time to first cigarette. Logistic regression and linear regression analyses were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Ninety-eight subjects (25%) were classified into the early group. After adjusting for smoking behaviors (cigarettes per day and smoking duration), socioeconomic status (education and income), age, and physical activity, an early time to first cigarette was found to be associated with an increased risk of obstructive pulmonary impairment measured using spirometry (adjusted odds ratio, 2.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–6.61). CONCLUSION: Compared to current smokers with a late time to first cigarette, those with an early time to first cigarette had a higher risk of obstructive pulmonary impairment, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Classifying smoking-related behaviors, especially time to first cigarette, may help target clinical screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
