Molecular genetics of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and Haddad syndrome.
- Author:
Jae Ho LEE
1
;
Dae Kwang KIM
Author Information
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords: Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome; Haddad syndrome; PHOX2B
- MeSH: Alanine; Autonomic Nervous System; Congenital Abnormalities; Genes, Homeobox; Hirschsprung Disease; Humans; Hypoventilation*; Molecular Biology*; Phenotype
- From:Journal of Genetic Medicine 2014;11(1):11-15
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
- Abstract: Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a disorder of the autonomic nervous system characterized by a decreased response to hypercarbia. CCHS is frequently associated with congenital megacolon; the combination is called Haddad syndrome. CCHS is associated with dysfunction in respiratory features of the autonomic nervous system and with other disorders, including facial deformities, cardiovascular symptoms, and tumors. Patients with CCHS frequently have a mutation in the homeobox protein 2b (PHOX2B) gene. Most mutations involve heterozygous expansion of alanine repeats (GCN). Interestingly, a higher polyalanine repeat number is associated with a more severe clinical phenotype. To clarify the role of PHOX2B in disease pathogenesis, we introduce and review the clinical and molecular features of CCHS and Haddad syndrome.
