Clinical and immunological analysis of mycophenolate mofetil treatment in anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 encephalitis
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-7876.2018.04.008
- VernacularTitle:吗替麦考酚酯治疗抗富亮氨酸胶质瘤失活蛋白1脑炎的临床与免疫参数观察
- Author:
Hongzhi GUAN
1
;
Xiaolu XU
;
Yicheng ZHU
;
Fei WANG
;
Siyuan FAN
;
Yan HUANG
;
Liri JIN
;
Qiang LU
;
Haitao REN
;
Yan XU
;
Bin PENG
;
Liying CUI
Author Information
1. 100730,中国医学科学院北京协和医院神经科
- Keywords:
Encephalitis;
Autoimmunity;
Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1;
Mycophenolate mofetil;
Immunotherapy;
B-Lymphocytes
- From:
Chinese Journal of Neurology
2018;51(4):281-287
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in antileucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis by analyzing the clinical and immunologic data of patients treated with MMF in this prospective cohort of anti-LGI1 encephalitis.Methods Patients treated with MMF for more than one year in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were included in this study.MMF was given at a dosage of 1.5-3.0 g/d in the induction period (two to four months) and 0.75-2.00 g/d in the maintenance period.All the patients were followed up regularly.Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score evaluation,serum IgG and peripheral CD19-positive B cells,CD4-positive T cells and CD8-positive T cells testing were performed every two months.Results Fifteen patients were included in this study who received first-line immunotherapy combined with MMF.No other second-line therapy including rituximab was used.Thirteen patients responded well to MMF combined with first-line immunotherapy (a decrease in mRS score of more than 1).All 15 patients had a good outcome (i.e.,a mRS score of 0-2),including nine patients without residual symptoms (a mRS score of 0).After 12 months of MMF treatment,CD19-positive B cells were significantly decreased (median 320 (227,628) × 106/L vs 152 (105,223) × 106/L;Z=-2.028,P=0.043),while serum IgG (9.07 (6.70,11.32) g/L vs 8.35 (6.63,10.69) g/L,P=0.144)),CD4-positive T cells (1 136 (736,1 432) × 106/L vs 1 055 (802,1 072) × 106/L,P =0.866) and CD8-positive T cells (627 (413,784) × 106/L vs 568 (393,743) × 106/L,P =0.735) were not significantly changed.Three patients relapsed and were treated with additional cycle of first-line immunotherapy and increased dosage of MMF (induction dosage) resulting in remission.CD19-positive B cells were tested to be increased during the patients' relapse.No serious adverse event was noted in all these patients.Conclusions MMF is safe and effective as a long-term immunotherapy in patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis.MMF can be used as an add-on therapy to first-line immunotherapy for autoimmune encephalitis.CD19-positive B cell count should be monitored and used as a parameter to individualize dosage of MMF.
