Effects of Immersion in Artificial Carbon Dioxide on Endothelial Function Assessed with Flow-Mediated Dilation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
- VernacularTitle:Effects of Immersion in Artificial Carbon Dioxide on Endothelial Function Assessed with Flow-Mediated Dilation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
- Author:
Naoki MAKINO
1
;
Toyoki MAEDA
1
;
Nobuyuki ABE
2
Author Information
- Keywords: diabetes; flow-mediated dilation; CO2 water; endothelial function; PWV
- From:The Journal of The Japanese Society of Balneology, Climatology and Physical Medicine 2015;78(3):276-284
- CountryJapan
- Language:English
- Abstract: Purpose: The aim of present study was to investigate the endothelial function of immersion of patients with diabetes in carbon dioxide (CO2)-enriched water Methods: Sixteen diabetic patients with minor complications were immersed in CO2-enriched water for 4 weeks, and 8 patients were immersed in normal spa water for the same duration. To assess endothelial function, forearm flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured in those patients, and %FMD at pre-immersion was compared to that at post-immersion in CO2-enriched water. The pulse wave velocity (PWV) was also measured to determine whether vascular stiffness was affected in those patients. The percent coefficient of variation of R-R intervals was examined as CVR-R (%). All patients were medicated with antidiabetic drugs, which were not changed during the study. Results: %FMD showed no significant difference in any patients between pre- and post-CO2-enriched water bathing. However, %FMD was significantly increased in patients under 8.0% of HbA1c after CO2-enriched water bathing (p<0.05), but it was not significantly increased in patients over 8.0 of HbA1c. PWV and CVR-R (%) were significantly reduced in all patients after CO2-enriched water bathing. Conclusion: CO2-enriched water immersion had a positive effect on endothelial function, and reduced arterial wall stiffness in patients with diabetes. These findings suggest that CO2-enriched water bathing may improve microcirculation, as well as subjective symptoms, in patients with controlled diabetes.
