Longitudinal Evaluation of the Relevance of Change in the Number of Baths, Cognitive Impairment and Depressive State in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease after Disease Onset
- VernacularTitle:Longitudinal Evaluation of the Relevance of Change in the Number of Baths, Cognitive Impairment and Depressive State in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease after Disease Onset
- Author:
Yasushi IWASAKI
1
;
Keiko MORI
2
;
Akira DEGUCHI
2
;
Eri SUZUMURA
2
;
Kazunori MAEDA
2
;
Hiroya SIMASAKI
2
;
Noriyuki TANAKA
2
;
Yasunori MORI
3
;
Chihiro MIWA
4
;
Hitoshi HAMAGUCHI
5
;
Yoichi KAWAMURA
2
Author Information
- Keywords: Alzheimer disease; cognitive impairment; depressive state; number of baths; practical dysfunction
- From:The Journal of The Japanese Society of Balneology, Climatology and Physical Medicine 2013;76(3):192-199
- CountryJapan
- Language:Japanese
- Abstract: We previously reported that in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the number of baths that patients report taking at their first evaluation at a memory clinic was significantly decreased in comparison to before the onset of dementia. Based on this research, we thought further longitudinal evaluation was needed regarding the relationship between the number of baths, cognitive impairment and depression state after AD progression. In the present study, we reevaluate the number of baths; cognitive function tests (Hasegawa’s Dementia Scale-Revised [HDS-R], Mini Mental State Examination [MMSE] and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised [WAIS-R]); and the depression assessment (Zung Self-rating Depression Scale [SDS]) 1 year after first evaluation. At the first evaluation, the average number of baths taken by 65 AD patients (16 male, 49 female; range: 64-90 years, average: 79.5±5.6 years), was 5.6±1.6 bathsweek. At the reevaluation, this number had decreased to 4.9±1.9 bathsweek. In the WAIS-R, a significant positive correlation was found between the score change in number of baths and the change in performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) and total intelligence quotient (TIQ). However, no significant correlation was found between the score change in number of baths and the change in HDS-R, MMSE, or verbal intelligence quotient in WAIS-R or SDS. We further evaluated the present series by dividing the study population into two subtypes: a group of patients in which the number of baths decreased 1 year after the first evaluation, and a group in which there was no change. There were no significant differences in background factors (e.g. average age at first evaluation) between the groups. Although, no significant difference was observed between the groups in number of baths before dementia onset (both were 6.7 timesweek), a significant difference was found at the first evaluation (5.3 bathsweek vs 5.9 bathsweek, respectively). No significant differences were observed between the groups in cognitive function test or depression assessment at the first evaluation. However, on reevaluation the group with the decreased number of baths showed significantly lower PIQ and TIQ scores in WAIS-R and a significantly higher SDS score. The results of the present study suggested that number of baths decreased along with the progression of AD and the greatest participating factor was the practical dysfunction reflected by the PIQ score in WAIS-R. Furthermore, we considered the existence of two subtypes: patients in whom the number of baths decreases with AD progression and those in whom there is no change.
