Endocrinologic Complications after Traumatic Brain Injury.
- Author:
Jaewon BEOM
1
;
Byung Mo OH
Author Information
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords: brain injuries; endocrine system diseases; hypopituitarism; rehabilitation
- MeSH: Adrenal Insufficiency; Brain Injuries; Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic; Diffuse Axonal Injury; Endocrine System Diseases; Estradiol; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hyperprolactinemia; Hypogonadism; Hypopituitarism; Hypothyroidism; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Mass Screening; Osmolar Concentration; Physical Examination; Prolactin; Skull Base; Sodium; Testosterone; Thyroid Gland; Treatment Outcome
- From:Brain & Neurorehabilitation 2012;5(2):52-57
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
- Abstract: The endocrinologic complications such as adrenal insufficiency and hypopituitarism are common after traumatic brain injury (TBI) portending poor rehabilitation outcome. Anterior pituitary dysfunction presents as hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, growth hormone deficiency, adrenal insufficiency and hyperprolactinemia, whereas posterior pituitary dysfunction includes syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone and central diabetes insipidus. Careful history taking and physical examination are essential to detect these abnormalities early. Laboratory tests such as serum/urine sodium and osmolality, thyroid hormone, testosterone, estradiol, cortisol, prolactin, growth hormone or IGF-1 are also necessary. Screening of endocrinologic functions is recommended especially in patients with moderate or severe TBI, skull base fracture or diffuse axonal injury 3 to 6 months after injury. Further studies are needed to reveal the effect of early correction of endocrinologic abnormality on long-term functional outcome.
