Retinol, beta-Carotene, and alpha-Tocopherol Concentrations in Maternal-Umbilical Cord Plasma and Their Relationships to Pregnancy Outcome.
- Author:
Geum Ju LEE
1
;
Min Sook LEE
;
Hong Seok AHN
Author Information
1. Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea. hsahn@cc.sungshin.ac.kr
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords:
retinol;
beta-carotene;
alpha-tocopherol;
maternal;
umbilical cord
- MeSH:
alpha-Tocopherol*;
Apgar Score;
beta Carotene*;
Female;
Gestational Age;
Humans;
Plasma*;
Pregnancy;
Pregnancy Outcome*;
Pregnancy*;
Pregnant Women;
Recommended Dietary Allowances;
Tocopherols;
Umbilical Cord;
Vitamin A*;
Vitamin E;
Vitamins
- From:Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
2004;9(2):151-160
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:Korean
-
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intake of antioxidant vitamins and plasma concentrations of those in 60 maternal-infant pairs (30 in normal term delivery group, NT; 30 in preterm delivery group, PT). We also investigated the relationship between vitamin levels of maternal-umbilical cord plasma and pregnancy outcome. Mean energy intakes of NT and PT pregnant women were 93.2% and 85.4%, and their protein intakes were 113.3% and 110.9 % of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA), respectively. While vitamin A intakes were only 51.2% and 39.6% of the RDA in NT and PT pregnant women. The vitamin E intake was about 50% of the RDA (NT 6.27 mg, PT 7.78 mg). The levels of retinol in maternal plasma of NT and PT were 1.51 micronmol/l and 1.43 micronmol/l, respectively. The retinol levels in umbilical cord plasma in NT and PT were 0.72 micronmol/l and 0.61 micronmol/l, respectively. The level of beta-carotene in maternal plasma of NT was 0.49 micronmol/l, significantly (p < 0.01) higher than that of PT (0.31 micronmol/l). The beta-carotene of umbilical cord plasma of NT and PT were 0.02 micronmol/l and 0.01 micronmol/l, respectively. The plasma alpha- tocopherol of maternal of NT and PT were 29.51 micronmol/l and 27.17 micronmol/l, respectively. The alpha-tocopherol of umbilical cord plasma of NT and PT were 4.16 micronmol/l and 3.80 micronmol/l, respectively. The antioxidant vitamin levels retinol, beta-carotene, and alpha-tocopherol) in maternal plasma were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than those in umbilical cord plasma. However, there was no correlation between the vitamin levels in maternal plasma and those in umbilical cord plasma. The maternal plasma beta-carotene level showed a positive correlation to gestational age. Also Apgar score at 1 min produced a positive correlation to maternal plasma beta-carotene level.
