Overcoming the stigma of epilepsy
- Author:
Michael Hills
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- From:Neurology Asia
2010;15(Supplement 1):21-24
- CountryMalaysia
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
A prime diffi culty facing all people with epilepsy is dealing with the stigma which is associated with
it in almost all societies. Stigma arises from the perception of difference from the norm, particularly
powerful when that difference is not understood. This arises from the uniquely human need for
predictability, resulting from the ability to think abstractly, and thus to surmise the future. A failure
of expectation, or the uncertainty caused by an inability to predict, causes insecurity, or a “fear of the
unknown”, which we try to reduce by rejecting its perceived cause. Stigma can be attached to themselves
or their epilepsy by the person with epilepsy, as well as by others about them. Such discomfort is
accentuated by perceived inconsistency between the familiar and unfamiliar. Discrimination occurs as
a result of stigma, causing people with epilepsy to be preoccupied with epilepsy and expending much
psychological energy on disclosure anxiety, vigilance and a consequent uncertainty of identity. This
can result in lower self-esteem, self-fulfi lling prophecies, self-blame and self-rejection, and ultimately
dehumanisation. The most effective means of overcoming stigma is by contact between people with
epilepsy and those holding the stigma against them. Such contact must be on an equal status footing,
repeated and consistent, require interdependence, be socially approved and enjoyable, contradict the
stereotypes held, and be with individuals seen as representative of the out-group as a whole. Hence
familiarity, rather than breeding contempt, produces the predictability and consequent comfort and
acceptability of the normal.
- Full text:P020150902458034425266.pdf
