An overview of bone cells and their regulating factors of differentiation
- Author:
Alizae Marny Mohamed
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords:
Bone cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, regulations
- From:Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
2008;15(1):4-12
- CountryMalaysia
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Bone is a specialised connective tissue and together with cartilage forms the strong
and rigid endoskeleton. These tissues serve three main functions: scaffold for muscle
attachment for locomotion, protection for vital organs and soft tissues and reservoir
of ions for the entire organism especially calcium and phosphate. One of the most
unique and important properties of bone is its ability to constantly undergo
remodelling even after growth and modelling of the skeleton have been completed. Remodelling processes enable the bone to respond and adapt to changing functional
situations. Bone is composed of various types of cells and collagenous extracellular organic matrix, which is predominantly type I collagen (85-95%) called osteoid
that becomes mineralised by the deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite. The noncollagenous
constituents are composed of proteins and proteoglycans, which are specific to bone and the dental hard connective tissues. Maintenance of appropriate
bone mass depends upon the precise balance of bone formation and bone resorption which is facilitated by the ability of osteoblastic cells to regulate the rate of both
differentiation and activity of osteoclasts as well as to form new bone. An overview of genetics and molecular mechanisms that involved in the differentiation of
osteoblast and osteoclast is discussed.
- Full text:W020151019317470442528.pdf
