The Skeletal Development Standards of Hand and Wrist for Chinese Children—China 05 I. TW_3-C RUS, TW_3-C Carpal, and RUS-CHN Methods
- VernacularTitle:中国人手腕骨发育标准—中华05 I.TW_3-CRUS、TW_3-C腕骨和RUS-CHN方法
- Author:
Shaoyan ZHANG
;
Lijuan LIU
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Chinese children, growth and development, skeletal age.
- From:Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine
2003;0(05):-
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective The existing standards of skeletal development for Chinese were revised in this study due to the accelerated growth and development of Chinese children in the past 20 years.Methods Seventeen thousand and four hundred and one (17,401) healthy children of Han nationality (8,685 boys, 8,716 girls), aged 0～20 years, from cities of Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wenzhou, Dalian and Shijiazhuang were served as the sample for standardization. The radiographs were evaluated by a single observer using TW3 method. Furthermore, the new skeletal maturity events were chosen in 4, 5, 6, 7 stages of first metacarpal, proximal and middle phalanges, as well as in 5, 7 stages of radius and 5 stage of ulna in accordance to TW3-RUS. As a result, each stage was divided into two new stages. The fusion stages of radius and ulna were divided to 4 phases. The skeletal maturity scoring was computed by “scaling of categorized attributes” to minimize the overall disagreement between the different bones totaled over the standardizing sample. The new method is called RUS-CHN. The means and standard deviations of maturity score transformed by logarithm in each age group were calculated, and were fitted by quadratic and linear functions of age, respectively.Results The percentile standards of TW_3-C RUS, TW_3-C Carpal, RUS-CHN skeletal maturity scores were established. The revised standards are designated as “The Standards of Skeletal Maturity of Hand and Wrist for Chinese of Han Nationality-China 05”. Ages of the complete maturity of TW_3-C RUS, TW_3-C Carpal and RUS-CHN standards are 16, 13.5 and 18 years in boys and 15, 11.5 and 17 years in girls, respectively. In the verified sample of 2,438 children (1,301 boys, 1,137 girls), aged 1～19 years, the differences between skeletal age and chronological age of all age groups were mostly 0.0～0.3 year in TW_3-C RUS, TW_3-C Carpal and RUS-CHN skeletal maturity standards.Conclusion “The Standards of Skeletal Maturity of Hand and Wrist for Chinese of Han Nationality-China 05” are applicable to contemporary Chinese children.
