Correlations between Anxious, Depressive Mood and Positive, Negative Symptoms in Chronic Schizophrenics: a Differential Relationship with the Presence of Akathisia.
- Author:
Jong Hoon KIM
1
;
Young Ho JIN
;
Kee Yong JANG
;
Yong Sik KIM
Author Information
1. National Bugok Mental Hospital, Bugok, Korea.
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords:
Schizophrenia;
Depression;
Anxiety;
Positive symptom;
Akathisia
- MeSH:
Akathisia, Drug-Induced;
Anxiety;
Delusions;
Depression;
Equipment and Supplies;
Humans;
Psychomotor Agitation*;
Schizophrenia
- From:Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association
2000;39(3):516-524
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:Korean
-
Abstract:
OBJECTIVES: In previous studies, the significant correlations between depression-anxiety symptoms and positive symptoms had been reported in schizophrenia. However, it is suggested that these correlations reflect the common influence of third variable, and akathisia-associated dysphoria may be the strong mediator of these relationships. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlations between depression-anxiety symptoms and the schizophrenic symptoms including direct measures of drug-induced akathisia. METHODS: The subjects were 57 patients with chronic schizophrenia. All patients were functioning cognitively at a level to understand and complete the several self-report inventories. Akathisia was rated using Barnes akathisia rating scale (BARS), and depression-anxiety symptoms were assessed by two self-report measures, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The symptoms of schizophrenia were assessed using Manchester Scale. RESULTS: In the whole group of subjects, the scores on BDI and dysphoria composite index were significantly correlated with total positive symptom scores and all subscale scores of positive symptoms. In akathisia group, the scores on BDI and dysphoria composite index were still significantly correlated with total positive symptom scores and the subscale scores of delusion. In non-akathisia group, however, there were no significant correlations between self-report depression, anxiety symptoms and total positive symptom scores. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the akathisia is the important factor in correlations between dysphoric symptoms and positive symptoms. Therefore, the caution is necessary in the interpretation of previous studies which report the direct correlations between depression and positive symptoms. Future research is needed to investigate the associations in akathisia, depression, and the schizophrenic symptom complexes.
