OBSERVATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS OF CHINESE SACRALS
- VernacularTitle:国人骶骨的观察与测量
- Author:
Nianchia CHANG
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- From:
Acta Anatomica Sinica
1953;0(01):-
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
203 adult sacrals (143 males and 60 females)were investigated.The average height of the sacral canal was 66.8 mm.The sagital length of the sacral canal was 14.0 mm and its transverse length 31.0 mm.The sagital length of the outlet of the sacral canal was 5.9 mm.and it was 5.0% less than 2.0 mm. Sacral hiatus might be classified according to the following six types: 1)Triangular(23.0%),2)Sharp and long(19.4%),3)Square(11.3%),4) Rectangular(11.3%),5)Horse-shoe(20.0%),and 6)Irregular(15.0%). The longitudinal and transversal distance between all sacral posterior foramens were measured. Among the 203 sacrals,it was found that the percentage of normal simple promonory(25th vertebra)was quite high(85.7%),simple promontory formed by 2nd sacral vertebra(26th vertebra)was less than 2.5%,whereas double promontories formed by 25th and 24th vertebrae were found to be 11.8%. In general,the lower margin of the auricular surface reached the third sacral vertebra,but in women it was shorter than in men. The sacral lengths were measured as follows: 1)the largest height—108.0 mm. 2)the largest breadth of the upper portion—111.0 mm 3)the middle breadth—85.0 mm. 4)the highest curvature—119.0 mm. 5)the sagital length of the sacral base—31.0 mm. 6)the breadth of the sacral base—50.0 mm. All the sacral indices were counted as follows: 1)the sacral index—102.7. 2)the index of the sacral breadth—76.6. 3)the index of the sacral curvature—110. 2. 4)the index of the sacral curvature-difference—1.85. 5)the index of the sacral base—62.0. The relation between sacral variations and sacral block anesthesia was discussed.
