Evolutionary mechanisms for stem cell differentiation and stem cell niche distribution

Jianxin ZHANG

白话标题:从进化论角度探讨干细胞分化及其干细胞巢分布规律
作者: Jianxin ZHANG
来源: Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research 2016;20(50):7571-7578
国家China
语言:Chinese
摘要: BACKGROUND:More and more stem cel s such as hematopoietic stem cel s, neural stem cel s and induced pluripotent stem cel s have been discovered, but there is no unified theory on stem cel classification and stem cel differentiation. Similarly, more and more stem cel niches, such as niches of hematopoietic stem cel s, intestinal epithelial stem cel s and hair fol icle stem cel s, have been found, and there is stil no unified theory on the formation and distribution of stem cel niches. In the past 20 years, the viewpoint that“the orderly distribution of different types of stem cel niches constitutes the meridian system of Chinese medicine”has not been taken seriously, especial y in China. OBJECTIVE:To explore the evolutionary mechanisms for stem cel differentiation and stem cel niche distribution. METHODS:With the reference of the Inner Canon of Yel ow Emperor and literature on human anatomy, we further explained the distribution rule of stem cel niches in various tissues from the perspective of meridian theory. We explored the law of stem cel differentiation based on the biogenetic law, species evolutionary tree and the theory of meridians of Chinese medicine. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The embryonic development with the formation of three germ layers in higher animals directly transcends the evolutionary history of their invertebrate ancestors in an extremely simple way. The basic objects described in the biogenetic law should first be two stem cel differentiation chains C11→C132→C164→C1448→C1448×C1n=C1448n(n≤7) and C11→C17→C1448(n≤7) as wel as the evolution of the distribution of stem cel s in the meridian system. The presently accepted species evolutionary tree assumes that the ancestor of the deuterostomia is a primitive bilaterally symmetric animal, which is completely wrong. It violates the Darwinian principle of evolution from the viewpoint of stem cell differentiation, and the evolutionary tree cannot fork to form two branches, protostomia and deuterostomia, that are unrelated on the their origins. Cockroaches, spearfish and ginkgo cannot be living fossils. The origin of the species is multi-sources, and the species evolution is ongoing in a multi-level wavy manner.