High Glucose and/or Free Fatty Acid Damage Vascular Endothelial Cells via Stimulating of NAD(P)H Oxidase-induced Superoxide Production from Neutrophils.
- Author:
Sang Soo KIM
1
;
Sun Young KIM
;
Soo Hyung LEE
;
Yang Ho KANG
;
In Ju KIM
;
Yong Ki KIM
;
Seok Man SON
Author Information
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords: Endothelial cells; NAD(P)H oxidase; Neutrophil; Oxidative stress
- MeSH: Acetylcysteine; Diabetes Complications; Endothelial Cells; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glucose; Humans; Inflammation; Membranes; NADPH Oxidase; Neutrophil Activation; Neutrophils; Oleic Acid; Oxidative Stress; Superoxides
- From:Korean Diabetes Journal 2009;33(2):94-104
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:Korean
- Abstract: BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress and inflammation are important factors in the pathogenesis of diabetes and contribute to the development of diabetic complications. To understand the mechanisms that cause vascular complications in diabetes, we examined the effects of high glucose and/or free fatty acids on the production of superoxide from neutrophils and their role in endothelial cell damage. METHODS: Human neutrophils were incubated in the media containing 5.5 mM D-glucose, 30 mM D-glucose, 3 nM oleic acid, or 30 microM oleic acid for 1 hour to evaluate superoxide production through NAD(P)H oxidase activation. Human aortic endothelial cells were co-cultured with neutrophils exposed to high glucose and oleic acid. We then measured neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells, neutrophil activation and superoxide production, neutrophil-mediated endothelial cell cytotoxicity and subunits of neutrophil NAD(P)H oxidase. RESULTS: After 1 hour of incubation with various concentrations of glucose and oleic acid, neutrophil adherence to high glucose and oleic acid-treated endothelial cells was significantly increased compared with adhesion to low glucose and oleic acid-treated endothelial cells. Incubation of neutrophils with glucose and free fatty acids increased superoxide production in a dose-dependent manner. High glucose and oleic acid treatment significantly increased expression of the membrane components of NAD(P)H oxidase of neutrophil (gp91(phox)). Endothelial cells co-cultured with neutrophils exposed to high glucose and oleic acid showed increased cytolysis, which could be prevented by an antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that high glucose and/orfree fatty acidsincrease injury of endothelial cells via stimulating NAD(P)H oxidase-induced superoxide production from neutrophils.
