Pathology of non-thermal irreversible electroporation (N-TIRE)-induced ablation of the canine brain.
10.4142/jvs.2013.14.4.433
- Author:
John H ROSSMEISL
1
;
Paulo A GARCIA
;
John L ROBERSTON
;
Thomas L ELLIS
;
Rafael V DAVALOS
Author Information
1. Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. jrossmei@vt.edu
- Publication Type:Original Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
- Keywords:
central nervous system;
dog;
irreversible electroporation;
neuropathology
- MeSH:
Animals;
Brain/metabolism/*pathology/surgery/ultrastructure;
Caspase 3/metabolism;
Caspase 9/metabolism;
Dogs;
Electroporation/veterinary;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods;
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission;
Necrosis/metabolism/pathology;
Neurosurgical Procedures/*adverse effects
- From:Journal of Veterinary Science
2013;14(4):433-440
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
This study describes the neuropathologic features of normal canine brain ablated with non-thermal irreversible electroporation (N-TIRE). The parietal cerebral cortices of four dogs were treated with N-TIRE using a dose-escalation protocol with an additional dog receiving sham treatment. Animals were allowed to recover following N-TIRE ablation and the effects of treatment were monitored with clinical and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Brains were subjected to histopathologic and ultrastructural assessment along with Bcl-2, caspase-3, and caspase-9 immunohistochemical staining following sacrifice 72 h post-treatment. Adverse clinical effects of N-TIRE were only observed in the dog treated at the upper energy tier. MRI and neuropathologic examinations indicated that N-TIRE ablation resulted in focal regions of severe cytoarchitectural and blood-brain-barrier disruption. Lesion size correlated to the intensity of the applied electrical field. N-TIRE-induced lesions were characterized by parenchymal necrosis and hemorrhage; however, large blood vessels were preserved. A transition zone containing parenchymal edema, perivascular inflammatory cuffs, and reactive gliosis was interspersed between the necrotic focus and normal neuropil. Apoptotic labeling indices were not different between the N-TIRE-treated and control brains. This study identified N-TIRE pulse parameters that can be used to safely create circumscribed foci of brain necrosis while selectively preserving major vascular structures.
