General Remarks: Effective Strategies for Preventing and Controlling SARS Infection-Prevention from the Point of View of Epidemiology-
10.2185/jjrm.52.805
- VernacularTitle:ＳＡＲＳ感染対策のキーポイント―ＳＡＲＳの疫学的特徴と感染予防対策の留意点―
- Author:
Mitsuo KAKU
;
Hiroyuki KUNISHIMA
;
Keiji KANEMITSU
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
SARS
- From:Journal of the Japanese Association of Rural Medicine
2003;52(5):805-811
- CountryJapan
- Language:Japanese
-
Abstract:
For severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), methodologies are yet to be established for prompt diagnostic testing, treatment and prevention by means of vaccination. Such being the situation, it is necessary to implement stringent measures in preventing the transmission of this infectious disease based on a correct understanding of its epidemiological characteristics. The pathways of transmission are by droplet and by contact. Risk factors include social contacts with SARS cases within a radius of 2 meters or household contacts, badly ventilated rooms, touching contaminated objects and surfaces, exposure to body fluids. The major clinical symptoms of the acute respiratory disease include, like influenza, fever, chill, tiredness (malaise), muscle aches, trepidation, nausea and headache. Compared with patients who contract influenza, SARS patients often had dyspnea and diarrhea, but rarely complain of pharyngalgia and pituita. A close correlation has been noted between the stage of SARS and its infectivity, capability. During the incubation period, which lasts 2 to 10 days, the disease is asymptomatic and reportedly almost no infectious. But there is general agreement among experts that SARS becomes highly infectious when it enters the lower airway infection period and begins to produce such symptoms as fever and dry cough, dyspnea.
As the main points of the measures to prevent SARS from spreading, we would like to refer to triage and prevention of cross infection. A triage system should be adopted as the need arises. Under the system, patients suspected to have SARS are separated from other patients and given priority in medical treatment. Standard precautions should not be forgotten. The use of alcohol-based hand rubs and the wearig of surgical masks are effective means to cut off the route of infection. These efforts would make it possible to effectively prevent the infectious diseases like SARS from being spread form person to person and thus protect the public from the pandemic.
