Parasite egg contamination of water and air in a suburban area of Hanoi, Vietnam
10.2149/tmh.2009-04
- Author:
Shinichi Noda
;
Nguyen Thi Viet Hoa
;
Shoji Uga
;
Le Khanh Thuan
;
Yoshiki Aoki
;
Yasunori Fujimaki
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Intestinal parasite;
Ascaris Trichuris Water;
Air;
Contamination;
Vietnam
- From:Tropical Medicine and Health
2009;37(2):55-61
- CountryJapan
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Contamination of water and air by soil-transmitted helminth eggs was investigated in a small village located in the suburbs of Hanoi, Vietnam. Water samples were collected from 29 households, two schools, two kindergartens, one restaurant, three ponds and 23 ditch sites during the rainy season. Water samples were also collected at the same places, except for one household and one restaurant, during the dry season. The water samples collected from households, schools, kindergartens and restaurant were comprised of well-water and rain-water. These samples included both water filtrated with sand and gravel and non-filtrated water. Two-liter water samples were examined for helminth eggs by either a centrifugation or flotation method. The contamination of air by helminth eggs was assessed by the method of Kroeger et al. (1992). Eggs in air were trapped on adhesive tapes hanging in rooms and in the area around 29 houses, two schools, two kindergartens, one restaurant and 18 utility poles.
Out of 63 water samples collected from households in the rainy season, helminth eggs were found in four water samples; one from non-filtrated well-water and three from filtrated well-water samples. The one non-filtrated water sample contained six eggs of Toxocara sp., while the three filtrated water samples contained one egg each of Trichuris sp., Trichiuris sp. and Taenia sp. No eggs were found in the water samples collected from schools, kindergartens or the restaurant in the rainy season. All water samples collected from ponds and ditches in the rainy season contained many helminth eggs. The eggs found were Ascaris sp., Trichuris sp., Toxocara sp., Ascaridia galli, hookworm, Taenia sp. and Fasciola sp. Examination of the adhesive tapes hanging in the air showed that four sites were contaminated by helminth eggs, i. e. one site near the house, two sites near the school and one site at a utility pole. The species of eggs found were Trichuris sp., Ascaridia galli and Taenia sp. The number of eggs found on tapes was only one or two. In the dry season, a few samples of well-water and rain-water collected from the residential area were contaminated with helminth eggs, and all samples collected from ponds and ditches contained many eggs of various species similar to those collected in the rainy season. The present study clearly indicates that, in our study area, the villagers were subject to infection from soil-transmitted helminthes directly and indirectly through water.
